The Cavendish Experiment To Measure the Gravitational Constant, G

Newton's law of universal gravity. Image by DNA-Dennis

Reader’s question: How can we use the Cavendish experiment help us determine G, the gravitational constant, to measure the mass of the Earth?

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Expansion of the Universe and Light Travel-Time from Distant Galaxies

The Andromeda Galaxy Image Credit: Kitt Peak National Observatory.

The universe is expanding. Light from distant galaxies travels toward us even as the galaxies travel away from us; making light’s total travel time longer.

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Is There a Connection Between a Burning Log and E=mc2?

Burning a Log. Heat breaks the bonds of carbohydrates (CnH2nOn) in the wood. The atoms then combine with oxygen from the air to produce CO2, CO, H2O, and electromagnetic radiation (heat and light). 
Image Credit: Robert Craft, PublicDomainPictures.net.

Does Einstein’s famous equation, E=mc2, apply to the energy transfer that takes place when wood is burned? Mark Egdall answers this reader’s question here.

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What is the Difference Between True Air Speed and Indicated Air Speed?

An aircraft's Indicated Airspeed and True Airspeed may be very different; image by Helen Krasner

Reader question: What’s the difference between true air speed (TAS) and indicated air speed (IAS) for pilots?

Are Credit Cards Flammable?

Credit cards are made of PVC. Photo by Andres Rueda.

Have you ever wondered whether a credit card would burn if you lit it on fire? Now you’ll know – hint: it’s not a very good idea to burn rigid PVC.

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